TRENDS OF BIOMARKERS OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE IN THE UNITED STATES BY INCOME: DISPARITIES BETWEEN THE RICHEST 20% AND THE POOREST 80%,1999–2018

Trends of biomarkers of cardiovascular disease in the United States by income: Disparities between the richest 20% and the poorest 80%,1999–2018

Introduction: Income inequality between the richest 20% and the poorest 80% Accessories in the United States has been increasing over the past two decades.Emerging evidence indicates widening disparities between the two groups in cardiovascular disease prevalence as well.However, the mechanisms behind this trend remains unclear.This analysis examin

read more

Exploring system drivers of gender inequity in development assistance for health and opportunities for action [version 2; peer review: 1 approved, 2 approved with reservations]

Background: Deep-rooted and widespread gender-based bias and discrimination threaten achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals.Despite evidence that addressing gender inequities contributes to better health and development outcomes, the resources for, and effectiveness of, such efforts in development assistance for health (DAH) have been ins

read more


Innovations in cervical spine trauma: Developing the next generation upper cervical spine injury classification system

The upper cervical spine not only consists of intricate bony and ligamentous anatomy affording unique flexibility but also has increased susceptibility to injuries.The upper cervical spine trauma can result in a wide spectrum of injuries that can be managed both operatively and nonoperatively.Several existing classification systems have been propos

read more